PAD project is highlighed in C&E News!
Interview in Chemical and Engineering News highlights our group's work to detect substandard and falsified pharmaceuticals.
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Testing Medicines
We are developing low-cost tests that can be used outside of the lab to detect low-quality medications.
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Undergraduate Research
Undergraduates make important contributions to solving real-world problems.
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Working Globally
International partnerships enable us to create practical solutions for the developing world.
A global problem
Many of the pharmaceuticals that are purchased in the developing world are substandard or outright fake drugs. Although there is no global system for monitoring the quality of medicine, study after study reveals pervasive poor quality and products that are worthless or even harmful to patients. Many countries in the developing world do not have the technological infrastructure or regulatory resources to keep low quality medicines off the market shelves. And since the pharmaceutical trade is a lucrative global market, low quality medicine can cross borders and harm people anywhere in the world.
New ways to find fake medicines
Paper analytical devices (PADs) are test cards that can quickly determine whether a drug tablet contains the correct medicines. They are cheap and easy to use. They don't require power, chemicals, solvents, or any expensive instruments, so they can be deployed rapidly at large scale if pharmaceutical quality is doubtful.
You can obtain PADs from our storefront, Paper Analytics LLC. The PADreader app for Android phones is available free at the Google Play store.
Root causes:
Negligence by manufacturers
- A heart medicine called "Isotab" killed over 200 people in Pakistan when one batch was manufactured using toxic quantities of an antimalarial medicine in place of the inert filler that was supposed to be added. According to the Pakistani government's report (pathology_of_negligence_pic_drug_inquiry_report_2012.pdf) the antimalarial drug got wet during delivery, and was moved into a drum marked "starch". No-one ever changed the label or noticed the substitution.
Deliberate falsification by manufacturers or distributors
- Fortune Magazine has a great investigatory report on Ranbaxy's contribution to this area.
- Even secure supply chains fall victim; see this WHO report on testing company Semler Research faking bioequivalence studies.
Partnering with regulatory agencies
By sharing our results directly with medical regulatory agencies, we help them quickly discover poor quality medicines in their markets. This enables them to negotiate with manufacturers and distributors from a position of knowledge and to take other regulatory and legal actions to protect patients from poor quality products.
Bringing market forces to bear
In the developing world, most buyers have to trust what the seller tells them about the quality of the pharmaceuticals they purchase. Unscrupulous manufacturers and distributors know that there is little chance that their medicines will be screened in a lab. These paper test cards don't need a lab, and they will enable people all over the world to quickly detect low quality medicines and remove them from the market.
News
How does the Scott Test for cocaine work?
The Scott test has been used for over 50 years as a presumptive test for cocaine. It involves a series of reagent additions and color changes...and if it's not done and interpreted correctly, it can send innocent people to jail. This crystal structure now published in Acta Cryst E gives insight into what's going on in the test.
Bis(N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-4-piperazine-1-carboxamide) tetrakis(isothiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II), a model compound for the blue color developed in the Scott test. Oliver, A. G., Lockwood, T.-L. E., Zinna, J. & Lieberman, M. (2023). Acta Cryst. E79, 163-166